A battery or mains powered energiser creates high voltage pulses along the fence wires. When an animal touches the fence it completes a circuit and it receives a shock.
Vegetation that contacts live wires drains significant energy from the system so time and money is spent trimming or spraying it. New energizers have lower voltage, shorter pulses and better insulators so this draining problem is significantly less common.
Safety
Electric fence malaysia deliver a shock when touched by animals, predators or people. The pain caused by contact is sufficient to deter the animal from touching the fence again. It also produces a tingling sensation in humans similar to muscle cramping.
Electric fence voltages are much higher (+5000 volts) than standard mains electricity, yet they only account for one serious injury per year worldwide. This is because the shock is not continuous, but delivered in short pulses.
An electric fence energizer pushes energy to its positive fence terminal in pulses, just like a welder does with an electrode. Modern energizers have low impedance circuitry that charges a capacitor with a solid-state device (a thyristor) and releases it in a controlled manner to create a pulse of energy that lasts only a few milliseconds.
A well-designed grounding system is the most critical safety feature of any electric fence. Most experts recommend three ground rods 6′ deep and spaced 10′ apart, although length of fence line and soil conditions will affect how many are needed. A regular inspection with a voltage tester can help identify and repair problems quickly.
Installation
A well-constructed grounding system is crucial to the effectiveness of electric fencing. It ensures that the electric current returns back to its source (the energizer) when an animal touches the fence wire, delivering the necessary shock that deters animals or unauthorized individuals.
Ideally, the grounding rod is driven deep into consistently moist soil to increase conductivity. In addition, the insulators must be properly positioned on the posts and aligned to the pre-planned layout, preventing the electricity from leaking out onto the ground before reaching the intended target.
A thorough inspection must be carried out to identify potential issues such as splices, broken wires, and vegetation that can short the energizer and cause malfunction or damage. In addition, voltage tests must be performed regularly to confirm that the fence is working at its optimum capacity. This is done by walking the length of the fence with a transistor radio tuned to an AM station and listening for a clicking noise that indicates a short on one of the conductive sections.
Operation
A key component to any electric fence system is the energiser (also known as a fence charger). The correct energizer size is determined by the type of animal, length of fence and number of wires in the circuit.
Modern energizers use low impedance circuitry to control the pulse interval which reduces the shock delivered and increases safety. They also monitor the amount of energy being discharged and will shut off as soon as there is no more current to be released preventing over-charging.
Connecting leads and electric fence wires should not be run above overhead power lines as this can cause damage to equipment and possibly injury to anyone who comes into contact with the conductive wires. They should be installed underneath the line and if possible at right angles to it.
A well-designed grounding system is essential to any electric fence. This is important to ensure that the electrical pulses are effectively routed back to the energizer. Dry or frozen soil is a poor conductor of electricity and so should be avoided for grounding purposes.
Maintenance
A key component to the successful operation of electric fencing is regularly inspecting the fence and addressing any problems as they arise. This can help ensure that the fence remains charged and provides an effective barrier for your livestock.
A voltage tester is an essential tool for keeping your electric fence in tip-top condition. Using one can help identify issues with low current from factors like vegetation touching wires and broken insulators interrupting the flow of electricity along the fence line.
Changing weather can also have an impact on your fence, so checking for damaged insulators and loose connections is a good idea before winter arrives. It is also a good time to prepare for the snow season by making sure your grounding system is up to speed.
To test your grounding system, disconnect the earth and fence leads from the energiser and have someone at the offending radio listen for a click. When this is heard it means that the energiser is working and that the interference is coming from somewhere else, such as in the mains power supply or the fence.